Blood: Definition, Types, composition, parts and blood pressure
Human Blood Definition, Functions, Parts , Types, Blood pressure, Blood circulation, etc.
They are irregular in shape. They have nucleus of different shapes and sizes. They are formed in white bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen. They are generally destroyed in infected sites. One cubic millimeter of blood contains about 6000-10000 of WBCs. Their normal life span is about 15 days. If the number of WBC in blood goes above the normal amount for longer time. It leads to the disease called leukemia which is also known as blood camcer.
Blood
The blood is fluid connective tissue. It is viscous and red in colour. It carries nutrients, hormones and oxygen to all the parts of the body and helps to eliminate the waste materials from our body. The blood is mainly up off plasma and blood corpuscles.
• Plasma
It occupies about 55% of the blood. It is transparent yellowish liquid. It contains 90% water and rest 10% of solid protein, fat, salt, carbohydrates, antibodies, etc.
Functions of plasma
- It transports digested food nutrients dissolved in water which diffuses through the intestine.
- It carries carbon dioxide liberated during respiration from the cell or tissues to lungs.
- It carries waste materials released from tissues to the related excretory organs.
- It transports the hormones secreted by endocrine glands to the tissue of related site.
- Fribinogen protein present in plasma, clots the blood and stops bleeding from wound.
- It also regulates body temperature.
Blood Cells
The blood contains a lot of blood cells scattered in plasma. It occupies 45% of blood by volume. There are three types of blood cells in human blood. They are RBC, WBC and platelets.
• Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Red Blood cells are biconcave in shape. They are tiny and have no nucleus. One cubic millimeter of blood contains 45 lakhs to 50 lakhs of RBC. They are formed in bone marrow. Lipe span of RBC is about 4 months.
They are destroyed into liver and spleen. Production and destruction of RBC continues as long as we are alive. Actually in each seconds about 20lakhs of RBC are produced and same number of them get destroyed. Them seem red in colour due to presence of pigment containing iron called haemoglobin. Due to the presence of haemoglobin carries oxygen. When number of RBCs in blood decreases, it leads to a disease named anaemia. RBC is also called erythrocytes.
Functions of RBCs are given below:-
- It carries oxygen from lungs to all parts of the body in the form of oxyhaemoglobin.
- It maintains viscosity of the blood.
- Haemoglobin in RBCs balances the amount of acid and base in the blood.
• White Blood cells (WBC)
They are irregular in shape. They have nucleus of different shapes and sizes. They are formed in white bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen. They are generally destroyed in infected sites. One cubic millimeter of blood contains about 6000-10000 of WBCs. Their normal life span is about 15 days. If the number of WBC in blood goes above the normal amount for longer time. It leads to the disease called leukemia which is also known as blood camcer.
WBCs are also called leukocytes. WBC may be granular and non-granular. Granular WBC have multilobed nuclei and granules in ectoplasm. Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils are granular leukocytes. Non-granular leukocytes have round nucleus and no granules in cytoplasm. lymphocytes, monocytes are examples of non-granular leukocytes.
Functions of WBCs are given below:-
- It helps in defense of the body by phagocytes with the production of antibodies and by neutralising toxic substances produced by germs.
- Neutrophils destroy bacteria by ingulfing them.
- Basophils secreted anticogulant.
- Eosinophils become active in the case of certain infections and allergies.
- Monocytes ingest non-active particles during infections.
We know WBCs are related to the immune system of our body. If number of WBC s reduces below the normal range then immune power of body falls. This disease is called Leukepenia.
• Platelets
They are tiny oval cells having no nucleus. They are produced in bone marrow and gets destroyed into spleen. Life span of platelets is about 2 to 3 days. One cubic millimeter of blood contains 2 to 4 lakhs of platelets. They are also called thrombocytes.
Functions of platelets are:-
- They help in clotting of blood and prevents excessive loos of blood from wound.
- They help in healing of wounds.
Blood Vessels
Hollow tubular flow of Vessels through which blood flows are called blood vessels. Blood vessels are of different types:- Arteries, Veins and capillaries.
• Arteries
The blood vessels which carry blood from heart to different parts of the body are called Arteries. The walls of arteries are made up of thick muscles to withstand the great pressure of the blood. They are deep seated in the body. Except pulmonary artery, all arteries carry oxygenated pure blood. The small arteries are called arterioles. The arterioles also branch into very fine branches called capillaries.
• Veins
The blood vessels which brings blood into the heart from various parts of the body are called Veins. Veins are thin walled and blood flow with low pressure through Veins. Veins have valves to prevent the backwards flow of blood. They are superficial in our body. Except pulmonary vein, all other Veins carry impure blood. Veins divide into minute branches called venules.
• Capillaries
Capillaries are very fine network of blood vessels. They are formed as a result of the branching of the arterioles. Capillaries connect arteries to the Veins. Capillaries reunite to form venous capillaries. From venous capillaries venules emerge. Capillaries help to exchange blood and cells of the body. They connect arterioles and venules in the form of fine network.
Functions of blood:-
- Blood transports oxygen from lungs to the tissues and co2 from the tissues to the lungs and thus help in respiration.
- The nutrients from digested materials are supplied to the cells with the help of the blood.
- Hormones are released in the blood by the endocrine glands. Hormones are circulated and taken to the target organs by blood.
- It carries waste substances from the cells and tissues to the excretory organs such as lungs, kidneys, intestine, liver and skin.
- It maintains body temperature and keeps the body warm.
- It helps to control the amount of liquid and chemical substances in the body tissues.
- The WBC of the blood protects the body from being infected by bacteria.
- Fibrinogen helps in clotting of blood in cuts and wounds and globulin protects body from disease.
Blood Circulation
In human body there is a mechanism of carrying nutrients, gases and waste materials inside the body. The system of the body that deals with the transportation of nutrients, gases and waste product in their concerned sites is called circulatory system. So it is called blood circulatory system. Blood circulation in human body takes place through two routes.
• Systematic Circulation
The circulation of blood between heart and other parts of the body except lungs is called Systematic Circulation. When left ventricles contracts the pure oxygenated blood pumped out through the aorta to the different parts of the body. It passes through arteries, arteriolen and capillaries distributes necessary nutrients, gases to the cells and tissues. From cells the blood returns back to the heart. This deoxygenated impure blood gets collected through Veins and venules and finally reached to right auricle of the heart through superior venacava and inferior venacava. From right auricle the blood goes right ventricles through tricuspid valve.
• Pulmonary circulation
The circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs is called pulmonary circulation. When right ventricle contracts, tricuspid valve close and impure blood passes to the lungs through pulmonary artery for purification. After exchange of O2 and Co2 in lungs, the pure blood returns back to the left auricle of the heart through pulmonary vein.
Blood Pressure
Have you ever measured your blood pressure? Tell me which instrument is used to measure it? The blood exert pressure on the wall of blood vessels while flowing through it. The pressure exerted by the flow of the blood on the wall of blood vessels is called blood pressure. The instrument used to measure the blood pressure is called sphygmomanometer. The blood pressure depends on the force applied by the heart to pump the blood, volume of the circulating blood and size of the blood vessels. The blood keeps flowing due to the presence of blood pressure.
There are two types of blood pressure:- systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. The pressure of the blood on artery during ventricular contraction is called systolic circulation. The normal systolic pressure is 120mm of Hg. The pressure of the blood on the wall of the pressure is about 80mm of Hg. That's why normal blood pressure of healthy human being is 120/80 mm of Hg. The blood pressure may vary with the cause of age, sex, work, exercise, excitement, etc The rise of blood pressure above the normal range is called high blood pressure while the fall of blood pressure below the normal range is called low blood pressure.
Causes of high blood pressure
- Smoking
- lack of physical activities
- Being overweight
- Family history of high blood pressure
- Adrenal and thyroid disorder
- High alcohol consumption
- Sleeplessness
- Older age
- stress
- Taking high content of salt in diet.
Causes of low blood pressure
- Dehydration
- Blood loss
- Lack of nutrients in diet
- serve allergic reaction
- Pregnancy
- Endocrine problem
- Heart problems
Prevention of high blood pressure are:-
- Maintains a healthy weight
- Getting regards exercise
- Reducing salt intake
- Taking balanced diet
- Controlling intake of fat
- Taking regular checkup
Blood Vessels
Hollow tubular flow of Vessels through which blood flows are called blood vessels. Blood vessels are of different types:- Arteries, Veins and capillaries.
• Arteries
The blood vessels which carry blood from heart to different parts of the body are called Arteries. The walls of arteries are made up of thick muscles to withstand the great pressure of the blood. They are deep seated in the body. Except pulmonary artery, all arteries carry oxygenated pure blood. The small arteries are called arterioles. The arterioles also branch into very fine branches called capillaries.
• Veins
The blood vessels which brings blood into the heart from various parts of the body are called Veins. Veins are thin walled and blood flow with low pressure through Veins. Veins have valves to prevent the backwards flow of blood. They are superficial in our body. Except pulmonary vein, all other Veins carry impure blood. Veins divide into minute branches called venules.
• Capillaries
Capillaries are very fine network of blood vessels. They are formed as a result of the branching of the arterioles. Capillaries connect arteries to the Veins. Capillaries reunite to form venous capillaries. From venous capillaries venules emerge. Capillaries help to exchange blood and cells of the body. They connect arterioles and venules in the form of fine network.
Functions of blood:-
- Blood transports oxygen from lungs to the tissues and co2 from the tissues to the lungs and thus help in respiration.
- The nutrients from digested materials are supplied to the cells with the help of the blood.
- Hormones are released in the blood by the endocrine glands. Hormones are circulated and taken to the target organs by blood.
- It carries waste substances from the cells and tissues to the excretory organs such as lungs, kidneys, intestine, liver and skin.
- It maintains body temperature and keeps the body warm.
- It helps to control the amount of liquid and chemical substances in the body tissues.
- The WBC of the blood protects the body from being infected by bacteria.
- Fibrinogen helps in clotting of blood in cuts and wounds and globulin protects body from disease.
Blood Circulation
In human body there is a mechanism of carrying nutrients, gases and waste materials inside the body. The system of the body that deals with the transportation of nutrients, gases and waste product in their concerned sites is called circulatory system. So it is called blood circulatory system. Blood circulation in human body takes place through two routes.
• Systematic Circulation
The circulation of blood between heart and other parts of the body except lungs is called Systematic Circulation. When left ventricles contracts the pure oxygenated blood pumped out through the aorta to the different parts of the body. It passes through arteries, arteriolen and capillaries distributes necessary nutrients, gases to the cells and tissues. From cells the blood returns back to the heart. This deoxygenated impure blood gets collected through Veins and venules and finally reached to right auricle of the heart through superior venacava and inferior venacava. From right auricle the blood goes right ventricles through tricuspid valve.
• Pulmonary circulation
The circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs is called pulmonary circulation. When right ventricle contracts, tricuspid valve close and impure blood passes to the lungs through pulmonary artery for purification. After exchange of O2 and Co2 in lungs, the pure blood returns back to the left auricle of the heart through pulmonary vein.
Blood Pressure
Have you ever measured your blood pressure? Tell me which instrument is used to measure it? The blood exert pressure on the wall of blood vessels while flowing through it. The pressure exerted by the flow of the blood on the wall of blood vessels is called blood pressure. The instrument used to measure the blood pressure is called sphygmomanometer. The blood pressure depends on the force applied by the heart to pump the blood, volume of the circulating blood and size of the blood vessels. The blood keeps flowing due to the presence of blood pressure.
There are two types of blood pressure:- systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. The pressure of the blood on artery during ventricular contraction is called systolic circulation. The normal systolic pressure is 120mm of Hg. The pressure of the blood on the wall of the pressure is about 80mm of Hg. That's why normal blood pressure of healthy human being is 120/80 mm of Hg. The blood pressure may vary with the cause of age, sex, work, exercise, excitement, etc The rise of blood pressure above the normal range is called high blood pressure while the fall of blood pressure below the normal range is called low blood pressure.
Causes of high blood pressure
- Smoking
- lack of physical activities
- Being overweight
- Family history of high blood pressure
- Adrenal and thyroid disorder
- High alcohol consumption
- Sleeplessness
- Older age
- stress
- Taking high content of salt in diet.
Causes of low blood pressure
- Dehydration
- Blood loss
- Lack of nutrients in diet
- serve allergic reaction
- Pregnancy
- Endocrine problem
- Heart problems
Prevention of high blood pressure are:-
- Maintains a healthy weight
- Getting regards exercise
- Reducing salt intake
- Taking balanced diet
- Controlling intake of fat
- Taking regular checkup
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